| Design and Application of DNA Nanostructures for Biosensing and Molecular Diagnostics |
| Paper ID : 1280-IGA |
| Authors |
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Atefeh Hasanli * Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran |
| Abstract |
| Background and Aim: DNA nanostructures have emerged as highly programmable and structurally precise platforms with significant potential in biosensing and molecular diagnostics. This review aims to dissect the design principles and applications of DNA-based nanosensors, emphasizing their role in enhancing diagnostic sensitivity, multiplexing capability, and adaptability in complex biological environments. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords including "DNA nanostructures," "biosensing," "molecular diagnostics," "DNA hydrogels," and "CRISPR-based biosensors." Selected studies focusing on structural design, sensing mechanisms, and diagnostic applications of DNA nanotechnologies were critically analyzed. Results: DNA nanostructures enable precise molecular recognition and dynamic conformational changes critical for sensing. Platforms such as logic gate-enabled microarrays, surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes, and polymeric DNA hydrogels provide high sensitivity and multiplexed detection of biomolecules including proteins, DNA, microRNAs, and epigenetic markers. Integration with nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes enhances in vivo sensing capabilities. Advances in CRISPR/Cas-based DNA nanobiosensors further improve specificity and rapid detection. Single-molecule studies elucidate DNA-lipid membrane interactions, facilitating membrane-integrated biosensors. Conclusion: Programmable DNA nanostructures offer versatile, sensitive, and multiplexed platforms for next-generation biosensing and molecular diagnostics. Continued interdisciplinary efforts combining DNA nanotechnology with advanced nanomaterials and molecular tools are essential for clinical translation and developing precise diagnostic systems. |
| Keywords |
| DNA nanostructures, Biosensing, Molecular diagnostics, DNA hydrogels, CRISPR biosensors, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Nanomaterials, Multiplexing, Molecular recognition. |
| Status: Accepted |
