| Resolution of Ovarian Cysts in Reproductive-Age Women with Hypothyroidism: A Case Series and Review of the Literature |
| Paper ID : 1249-IGA |
| Authors |
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Besjona Kodra *1, Emirvina Kolici2, Enxhi Bushi3 1Faculy of Medicine
UHO Mbreteresha Geraldine 2FSHMT 3UHOG "Mbreteresha Geraldine" |
| Abstract |
| Background and Aim: Functional ovarian cysts are common in reproductive-age women and are typically benign. The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) provides a standardized approach to classifying adnexal masses. Endocrine dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, has been associated with altered ovarian function and cyst formation, though it remains underrecognized in routine gynecologic practice. Materials and Methods: We report a case series of 12 reproductive-age women diagnosed with ovarian cysts classified as O-RADS 2 on transvaginal ultrasound. All had normal CA-125 levels but were newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Eight patients presented with menstrual irregularities, while five were initially asymptomatic; among the latter, three reported infertility. One patient had undergone surgery for thyroid disease six weeks prior to cyst detection. All were managed conservatively with thyroid hormone replacement and were followed with ultrasound at 3 and 6 months. Results: In 11 of 12 cases, the ovarian cysts resolved completely within 6 months of initiating thyroid hormone therapy. One patient developed ovarian torsion during follow-up and underwent surgical intervention. No cases showed malignant transformation, and thyroid function normalized in all patients. Conclusion: This series supports a link between hypothyroidism and benign ovarian cysts. Thyroid dysfunction may disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, contributing to cyst formation, menstrual irregularities, and infertility. Previous literature supports spontaneous cyst resolution with thyroid correction. The torsion case underscores the importance of careful monitoring in conservative management. Thyroid evaluation should be considered in women presenting with benign-appearing ovarian cysts. In most cases, treatment of hypothyroidism may lead to cyst resolution and improved reproductive outcomes, though surgical risks such as torsion or rupture must still be considered. |
| Keywords |
| Ovarian cyst, Hypothyroidism, O-RADS, Conservative management, Reproductive Health |
| Status: Accepted |
