| Exosomes as Natural Nanocarriers: Advancements in Drug Delivery and Associated Risks |
| Paper ID : 1176-IGA |
| Authors |
|
Atefeh Hasanli * Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran |
| Abstract |
| Abstract: Back ground and Aim: The primary aim of the review is to explore the advancements in the development and application of exosomes as natural nanocarriers in drug delivery systems (DDS), focusing on their mechanisms of action, isolation methods, surface modifications, and potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The review seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of exosome-based DDS, examining their unique characteristics that make them suitable for drug delivery, including biocompatibility, targeted delivery capabilities, and their ability to carry diverse therapeutic molecules. It aims to address both the current state of research and the challenges associated with clinical applications. Method: The review discusses several methods related to exosome-based DDS: Isolation Techniques: Various strategies for isolating exosomes are highlighted, including: • Ultracentrifugation • Precipitation • Immunoaffinity capture Modification Strategies: Techniques for enhancing exosome functionality include: • Genetic engineering • Surface functionalization Drug Loading Techniques: Methods for loading therapeutic agents into exosomes are categorized into: Passive loading Active loading techniques Findings: Recent findings indicate that exosomes can effectively deliver a wide range of therapeutic agents such as proteins, RNA, and small molecules. They have shown particular promise in treating conditions like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Key advantages of exosome-based DDS include: • Improved bioavailability • Reduced side effects • Ability to cross biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier However, challenges persist regarding: • Potential immune activation • Variability in exosome production • Complexity in large-scale manufacturing Conclusion: The discussion section addresses the risks associated with exosome use as drug delivery vehicles and suggests strategies to mitigate these issues. Recommendations include: • Exosome Engineering: Tailoring exosomes to improve targeting specificity. • Surface Modification: Enhancing their ability to target specific cells or tissues. • Use of Biomaterials: Improving stability and biofunctionality. |
| Keywords |
| Exosomes, Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), Nanocarriers, Extracellular Vesicles, Targeted Delivery, Biocompatibility. |
| Status: Accepted |
